which of the following statements is true about correctional officers?

Criminologists Richard Hawkins and Geoffrey Alpert identified four general ways in which correctional officers respond to their jobs. Which of the following statements is true about correctional officers? In adult court the offender is convicted; in juvenile court the offender is? Although injection drug use may directly result in transmission of HIV, it is also associated with sexual activity that can increase the risk ofHIV acquisition. According to BJS, _______ percent of the people discharged from parole in 2006 completed the terms of their community supervision without returning to prison or jail or absconding. Branding as a punishment for a crime was never practiced in the American colonies. Those officers who are responsible for supervising inmates in housing areas are called __________. Some inmates with newly diagnosed HIV may require outside expert medical consultation. The key to curbing recidivism of people who are mentally ill is to expand_______________into jails and prisons so that inmates can begin therapy the moment they walk into custody? Which of the following statements is true about correctional officers? According to your authors, the Three-State Recidivism Study concluded? What case launched the prisoners' rights movement? Probation Officer Job Description, Duties, & Role - Study.com Supervise the Activities of Inmates: Correctional officers supervise the daily activities of inmates, ensuring that inmates obey the rules. [47] Jails and temporary detention settings pose the most challenges in terms of accessing antiretroviral therapy. Officers who oversee the work of individual inmate work crews are called ____________. Explain Source: World Prison Brief: Highest to LowestPrison Population Total. BJS collects data on the administration and operation of both types of facilities. Acorrectional agency that has the authority to grant parole is a called a ________. In the United States, the HIV prevalence among incarcerated individuals is 1.3%, which is more than three times higher than among the general population. Bureau of Justice Statistics: Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Intensive supervision probation(ISP) involves? This impacts correctional administrators' ability to? Which of the following statements is true? Which of the following cases launched the prisoners' rights movement? The author of On Crimes and Punishments was? [19,20] Although the overall rate of AIDS-related deaths in prison has declined since 2001, the rate of AIDS-related deaths among Black inmates has remained higher than in White or Hispanic inmates. The field of corrections is improving. April 26, 2018. Further, efforts to cohort HIV-seropositive inmates also have in some cases led to adverse health outcomes, due to close proximity of multiple persons with immune suppression. The parole concept has its roots in an 18th century English penal practice of __________. The ________ model holds that the inmate society is shaped by factors external to the prison environmentspecifically, the preprison experiences and socialization patterns that inmates bring with them when they enter prison. Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes : Online Sunshine In the typical noninstitutional medical setting, confidentiality in the context of healthcare is a protected entity under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Suicide is a threat to all persons involved in corrections. "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted" is the 5th Amendment. The __________ advocated a prison system which shifted the emphasis from punishing the body to reforming the mind and soul. In some situations, an investigation may involve an external investigator. [41] In a small exploratory study of 42 men and transgender women with HIV who were recently released from correctional centers in Illinois, only about one-half of the men said they reported their HIV status at jail or prison entry and some study participants only disclosed their HIV status to the correctional officers when their health deteriorated. The_______leads the United States in executions. Inmates should follow the prison rules and not cause trouble. The principle that the highest objective of public policy is the greatest happiness for the largest number of people is called? Which of the following is NOT one of those categories? There are many common personality types that have been identified in correctional officers. According to the philosopher, the duration of a 'second' is precise. Pretrial officers utilize discretion in making pretrial release decisions. To this end, we subscribe to the following principles. The use of___________in corrections and public policy is now considered the gold standard for policy and program development. [10] Unfortunately, few correctional facilities currently offer medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction, and many inmates continue to use illicit drugs while incarcerated if they are able to access the drugs. A correctional officer who provides commodities to the inmate population is a called a ________. Community corrections officers have some discretion in setting reporting requirements and the strictness of Assume as in parts (a), (b), and ( c) that two shots will be awarded. The tension between prison staff members and inmates that arises out of the correctional setting is called____________. Considering the high HIV prevalencein the correctional settings, it is imperative that strategies and systems are in place to maximize initiation and uninterrupted administration of antiretroviral therapy within jails and prisons. A Latin term that refers to the state as guardian of minors and incompetent people is called? The fundamental difference between jail and prison is the nature of their. Correction Officer I Exam Prep Practice Booklet - Massachusetts At times, obtaining a release of information from a patient to discuss their care with the community corrections officer or parole officer is an important step in coordinating medical care. [2], In 2018, the United States had the highest prison population rate (prisoners per 100,000 population) in the world and the total prison population in the United States was higher than any other country(Figure 3). The court held that a potential juror's mere reservation about the death penalty was insufficient grounds to prevent that person from serving on the jury in a death penalty case in? -New offenders are socialized into the prison subculture through a process known as prisonization. Until the middle of the twentieth century, courts followed a(n) ________ philosophy toward prison matters. [26,69] Individuals taking antiretroviral therapy at the time of discharge should receive an adequate supply of antiretroviral medication as a bridge from jail or prison release to an appointment with a community provider. Restorative justice is especially concerned with repairing the harm to the offender. b. Corrections Departments by State. As noted earlier, other non-HIV-related chronic medical conditions may also complicate care. While blacks account for 12% of the U.S. population they account for _____ of the correctional workforce. ___________are locally operated correctional facilities that confine people before and after conviction. They have considerable discretion in discharging their duties within the constraints of rules, regulations, and policies. . Jails confine persons before or after . Overcrowding, one of the most pressing problems, has created the dilemma of? Automatically remove your image background. What is defined as a constellation of values, norms, and roles that regulate the way inmates interact with one another and with prison staff? Intermediate Sanctions are sometimes referred to as? Officers who conduct pre-sentence investigations utilize discretion in deciding what to include in a report and, most importantly, what sentence to recommend. Diversion has its roots in ________theory. Directly observed antiretroviral therapy is less convenient, decreases patient control, and may inadvertently jeopardize confidentiality. In 2006 the State of __________ had the highest incidence of AIDS related deaths in its prison population? The estimated national cost per year to confine an inmate over 55 years old is? Incarceration offers a structured environment to initiate and continue antiretroviral therapy. Psychology - The Biological Perspective, Communication - Writing Negative Messages Quiz level 3, Pre Exam Quiz 5; Human Development and Family Studies, Quiz Preview 10/ Psychology - Principles of Social Psychology, Quiz Facts 7' Psychology - Cognitive Functioning, Quiz Lot 2. 2. The typical offender has been convicted of? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The normal patterns of behavior expected of those holding particular social positions are called__________. Criminologists Richard Hawkins and Geoffrey Alpert observe that the work of correctional officers is characterized by both ________. The "poorhouse of the twentieth century" are? Unfortunately, this practice limits inmates with HIV from transferring to facilities that may have unique work or school programs, and may result in persons with HIV being imprisoned far from visitors, thereby limiting or preventing visitations. When an officer is using "persuasive diplomacy" it is called ___________. [ 1] These data are for persons 18 years of age and older. Some officers become intrusive and pry into the personal lives of inmates. [37] A more recent CDC HIV corrections testing project conducted from 2009-2013 found 0.3-0.4% of inmates tested in a broad range of correctional facilities were newly diagnosed with HIV(Figure 13). Adult offenders are known as criminals, juvenile offenders are known as? An assault in progress obviously calls for the use of force and/or a retreat by the . [6] From 2007 through 2018, Black individualsconsistently had higher prison incarceration rates were consistently higher among persons who are Black than those who are White(Figure 7). Prisoners in 2018. Penitentiaries are relatively modern social institutions and their development is distinctly American. As of year-end 2016, the United States had approximately 2.2 million persons housed in correctional facilities and had an incarcerated population that exceeded that of all other countries, in large part due to the justice system's approach to illegal drugs. Develop a list of medical providers in the community to which the inmates will be returning. Which of the following statements is true about correctional officers High rates of HIV risk activity coupled with low rates of HIV testing make the community corrections population an important priority for HIV screening and prevention services. August 24, 2017. [74] Moreover, some investigators have also demonstrated that incarceration disrupts primary intimate relationships, suggesting that use of prison-based programs to help prisoners and their partners maintain their relationship during incarceration may reduce the number of sexual contacts after release.[75]. Note: the numbers listed do not match the total listed since parolees who were also on probation were not included in the total listed. The most common sexually transmitted disease, one which affects the eyes and lungs, is? What Latin term is defined as a court order requiring that a confined person be brought to court so that his or her claims can be heard? The idea that people are motivated by pleasure and pain and that the proper amount of punishment can deter crime is called? Everyone is entitled to equal medical treatment without regard to status. At the end of 2012, about ________ percent of the security staff in state correctional agencies were white. A crime punishable by death or by incarceration in a prison facility for a year or more is called a? The HIV Care Cascade Before, During, and After Incarceration: A Systematic Review and Data Synthesis. [26,30] Release from prison has been associated with increases in HIV RNA levels and decreased CD4 counts, which reflect some of the challenges with engaging in medical care and adhering to antiretroviral therapy while trying to reintegrate into society. True or False? Prisonization is the process by which new inmates learn about the prison subculture. Find state Departments of Corrections for information about state and local prisons and prisoners held in these facilities. The ___________ constantly finds problems with the way the institution is run or with existing policies and rules. An act that is a law violation only for juveniles but not for adults is referred to as a? If a prosecutor drops charges after filing them, it is called? True or False? A writ issued by an appellate court to obtain from a lower court the record of its proceeding in a particular case is called a? [7] An opt-in HIV testing approach is when the prisoner requests the test or the test is offered and performed only if the prisoner consents to the test. According to the text, which of the following statements about corrections officers' unions is true? The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are known as the ? (2) Words such as SOMETIMES, MAY, GENERALLY, and POSSIBLY soften a statement and leave more room for the statement to be correct. Solved Which of the following statements is true? | Chegg.com Some correctional systems have arranged partnerships to allow processing of Social Security Administration (SSA) and Medicare applications before release, as recommended by the SSA and the Centers for Medicare and Medical Services. Officers enforce regulations through effective communication and the use of progressive sanctions, which involve punishments, such as loss of privileges. Source: Iroh PA, Mayo H, Nijhawan AE. B. The inmates' perception that certain correctional officers have valuable skills gives rise to ___________. The period of Western social thought that began in the 17th century and lasted until the dawn of the 19th century is known as? Custody is necessary before any other correctional activities, such as instruction or counseling, can be undertaken. Community corrections refers to adults on probation or parole. Assume the male role in a homosexual relationship. 8.1 Police Subculture - Ethics in Law Enforcement 1 officer for every 6.35 inmates. Calculate the probabilities for the center as shown in parts (a), (b), and (c ), and show that intentionally fouling the Portland Trail Blazers' center is a better strategy than intentionally fouling Jamal Crawford. Suicide in Corrections | National Institute of Corrections consensual sex for gratification, sexual assault, voyeurism, or prostitution. A punishment that is grossly disproportionate to the offense as well as those that transgress today's broad and idealistic concepts of dignity, civilized standards, humanity and decency is said to be? The contents are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement, by HRSA, HHS, or the U.S. Government. A penal institution to which especially young or first-time offenders are committed for training and reformation is called? A special court that is given responsibilty to handle cases involving drug-addicted offenders is called? [33] One analysis, based on total antiretroviral sales in correctional facilities,found a substantial unmet need for HIV treatment in state and federal facilities, highlighting a major treatment gap. Alabama Alaska American Samoa Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Women make up ______ percent of the parole population. What is the reason why the Eighth Amendment has done little to protect inmates from staff brutality? Alternatively, send information to the community provider after obtaining written consent for release ofinformation from the inmate. Those officers assigned to security (or gun) towers, wall posts and perimeter patrols are called _____________. Assume that the Portland Trail Blazers center makes 58%58\%58% of his free-throw shots. Guidelines for correctional officers---e.g., always go to the aid of an officer in distress, don't "lug" drugs, don't rat on other officers---are all part of ______. The HIV care cascade model has been applied to the correctional system in order to identify disparities and improve performance at every stage along the HIV care continuum, from HIV diagnosis to linkage and retention in care to antiretroviral therapy and virologic suppression (Figure 15). The first historical phase of prison discipline, involving soiltary confinement in silence instead of corporal punishment was called the ____________. You seem to have a popup blocker enabled. HIV-positive inmates working in the kitchen. ___________ is/are the common denominator for most offenders in the criminal justice system? [11,42] Several studies evaluating the impact of directly observed antiretroviral therapy in prisons have found that directly observed antiretroviral therapy does not necessarily lead to better medication adherence than self-administration. Zebulon Brockway was the first superintendent of ____________. The halting or suspension, before conviction, of formal criminal proceedings against a person, conditional upon some form of counter-performance by the defendant is called? [26]Althoughthe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended in 2006 that correctional facilities perform routine opt-out HIV testing, the HIV testing practices and policies in correctional setting continue to vary from state to state. "The taking on of the ways, mores, customs and general culture of the penitentiary" is known as? Which of the following statements is most true? This graphic illustrates the concept that on any given day in the United States, there are significantly more individuals incarcerated in prisons than in jails. Contact your local or state health department for assistance with locating providers who are willing to accept uninsured persons. [7], The higher prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) within correctional facilities can partially be explained by the high percentage of inmates with a history of injection drug use. Inmates who adopt the ________ lifestyle are primarily concerned with getting out of prison as soon as possible and avoiding hard time in the process. The process of making the offender a productive member of the community again is called? Source: Seth P, Figueroa A, Wang G, Reid L, Belcher L. HIV Testing, HIV Positivity, and Linkage and Referral Services in Correctional Facilities in the United States, 2009-2013. Section 6.4: Parole, Probation, and Community Sanctions An inmate who helps other inmates with various legal problems. . December 2018. Inmates should mind their own affairs and do their own time., Inmates should not inform the prison staff about the illicit activities of other prisoners., Inmates should be indifferent to the prison staff and loyal to other convicts., or Inmates should follow the prison rules and not cause trouble. The idea of probation and parole is to reintroduce the offender into society as a productive member. Reward power. Punishment options for initial sentences more restrictive than traditional probation but less restrictive than jail or prisons are called? Brutality is normally construed as a tort rather than a constitutional issue. In the United States, the average ratio of correctional officers to inmates across all states in 2012 was ________. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Annual Probation Survey, Annual Parole Survey, Annual Survey of Jails, Census of Jail Inmates, and National Prisoner Statistics Program, 1980-2016. The United States Supreme Court awarded Gerald Gault all of the following rights except? Utilitarian ethics is a normative ethical system that is primarily concerned with the consequences of ethical decisions; therefore it can be described as a. teleological theory or consequentialist theory. In 1972, the case of__________ruled that the application of the death penalty, as it was then carried out, was unconstitutional and set aside 40 death penalty statutes. [76] At the end of 2016, approximately 4.5 million adults in the United States were in community corrections (Figure 17). [12] The same meta-analysis noted above in the Georgia state prison system also reported an intra-prison HCV transmission rate of 0.75 per 100 person-years, which was significantly higher than the intra-prison HIV rate. Option A is correct. A. b) They represent a minor percentage of staff members in a prison. [9] The transmission of HBV within prisons could be reduced by immunizing all HBV-non-immune inmates with hepatitis B vaccine. Correctional officers dispense both formal and informal sanctions to induce cooperation among inmates. Provide the inmate with a copy of the relevant medical record or clinical summary free of charge. "Ne'er-do-wells" were shiftless and irresponsible individuals. "America is the land of the second chance and when the gates of the prison open, the path ahead should lead to a better life", was said by_______________. Which of the following statements is true? Wardens, superintendents, assistant superintendents and others charged with running the institution and its programs are called__________. As of 2012, unions represented correctional officers in adult institutions in ________ states and the federal system. A person appointed by the juvenile court to serve as a special guardian for the youth being processed through thejuvenile justice system is called a? At year-end 2014, 1 in _____ adults in the United States was under community supervision. Depending on the nature of the complaint, investigations can be criminal (if the officer broke the law or violated an individual's rights), administrative (if the officer violated department policy), or both.