what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?

Spanish and Portuguese Exploration in the Americas For more than a century, Baker Hughes . South American settlement began in 1523 in Venezuela, and in 1524-1526, the Spanish marched through Central America, exerting their control from Guatemala to Nicaragua. Seeing the value of this source of labor in growing the profitable crop of sugar on their Atlantic islands, the Portuguese soon began exporting African slaves along with African ivory and gold. Probanzas de mritos were reports and letters written by Spaniards in the New World to the Spanish crown, designed to win royal patronage. The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbean and, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. Starting in 1485, he approached Genoese, Venetian, Portuguese, English, and Spanish monarchs, asking for ships and funding to explore this westward route. Bartholomew Dias found the Cape of Good Hope, while his successor Vasco de Gama made it to India, where he realized Portuguese dreams of having a direct spice trade link and allowed the Portuguese to dominate the trade. While the Portuguese remained focused on the establishment of trading networks, only turning to full colonization later, Spanish discoveries of established empires in North and South America led them to explore and subsequently expand their own empire with the intention of growing wealthier and spreading Catholicism. Along the way, the explorers were always on the lookout for gold and silver. Benjamin Walter on LinkedIn: What is the effect of emplacement depth Above all else, the Aztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish adventurers. The regions through which he traveled were not empty areas waiting to be discovered: rather, they were populated and controlled by the groups of native peoples indicated. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Those who resisted were punished by a system called encomienda, in which natives were assigned to settlers through land grants as part of a deal. The Spanish explorers were in search of mineral wealth, looking for El Dorado (the City of Gold) and they aspired to spread Christianity. They were hoping to get rich, like their Spanish neighbors. with an exploratory and descriptive study with a sample of five YouTube channels in Spanish and Portuguese aimed at early . He believed that, using calculations based on other mariners journeys, he could chart a westward route to India, which could be used to expand European trade and spread Christianity. The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. Smarting from their defeat at the hands of the Aztec, Corts slowly created alliances with native peoples who resented Aztec rule. . They are most beautiful, of a thousand varied forms, accessible, and full of trees of endless varieties, so high that they seem to touch the sky, and I have been told that they never lose their foliage. SE. In 1533, Pizarro founded Lima, Peru. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Although traditional warfare continued to be a major tool for political control, European countries also grew concerned with gaining economic superiority over their neighbors, their main tool being international trade. Perched on the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula, Portugal turned to the boundless Atlantic Ocean as its only outlet to the wider world. So basically it helped explorers reach their destination. What was an effect of Spanish exploration on both the Inca and the Aztec civilization? They were looking for something new and different, and they were ready to push beyond Europe to find it. Like Corts, Pizarro had to combat not only the natives of the new worlds he was conquering, but also competitors from his own country; a Spanish rival assassinated him in 1541. It results in increased costs, higher production rates, and lower . Spains drive to enlarge its empire led other hopeful conquistadors to push further into the Americas, hoping to replicate the success of Corts and Pizarro. The world was opening up, and people were realizing how big it really was. The Portuguese took the lead. Impact of the Age of Exploration - StudyMode The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. Europeans wanted to find their own trade routes and cut out the middle men, and with their better ships, maps, and navigational tools, they finally had the technology to do it. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Chapter 15 Maritime Revolution - AP World History - Google He believed the earth to be much smaller than its actual size and, since he did not know of the existence of the Americas, he fully expected to land in Asia. Along the way, they discovered plenty of ways to make a profit from their voyages, and pretty soon they were leaders in the gold and slave trades. Cortes formally claimed Mexican land for the Spanish crown in 1519. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. The Spanish started the trade of potatoes, pineapples, turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolia, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. A major result of the European Age of Exploration was. One such explorer, Francisco Pizarro, made his way to the Spanish Caribbean in 1509, drawn by the promise of wealth and titles. Which country initiated the era of Atlantic exploration? They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Vasco de Balboa 1513- goal was to find gold and a new sea. European exploration | Definition, Facts, Maps, Images - Britannica In 1482, Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle (also called So Jorge da Mina, or Saint Georges of the Mine) in present-day Ghana, on the west coast of Africa ([link]). Prince Henry the Navigator | Biography, Influence & Facts, The Development of Monarchical Nation States: the Rise of Power, Bartolome de las Casas: Destruction of the Amerindians, Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire | Biography & Facts, Carolingian Art | Overview, Renaissance & Characteristics. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? Islamic states had dominated. Today they highlight the difficult task of historical work; while the letters are primary sources, historians need to understand the context and the culture in which the conquistadors, as the Spanish adventurers came to be called, wrote them and distinguish their bias and subjective nature. After taking Cuba in 1511, the Spanish continued traveling further into the territory with the conquistador, Hernan Cortes, attacking the Aztec Empire in 1519, taking their capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Magellan's Circumnavigation of the Earth | Origins The effect of the Thrash's set items were huge. Posted on . Those who survived were strongly influenced by Spanish language, religion, art and architecture. (1531) Finally, they also desired to build an empire and spread Catholicism. . Inspired by tales of rivers of gold and timid, malleable natives, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold. What should we consider when we interpret these documents today? What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. The Great Depression, 1929-1932, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941, Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945, Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960, Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980, The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. Elmina Castle on the west coast of Ghana was used as a holding pen for slaves before they were brought across the Atlantic and sold. In 1519, he entered Tenochtitln, the capital of the Aztec (Mexica) Empire. Henry the Navigator. The Spanish followed suit, beginning with Christopher Columbus, before moving beyond mere trade and focusing on empire building. Location of the Strait of Magellan. Vasco de Gamas exploits successfully established a spice trade between Europe and India. Missionaries such as Toribio Motolinia and Bartolome de Las Casas brought Catholicism and advocated for the natives, though they fought an uphill battle. It is after the Reconquista, that the Europeans start to expand and explore the new world for new trade routes to the riches, i.e. Only by playing upon the disunity among the diverse groups in the Aztec Empire were the Spanish able to capture the grand city of Tenochtitln. When the Spanish and Portuguese explore to the new world it results in massive increase in the population. While disease killed populations. Copies of the letter were soon circulating all over Europe, spreading news of the wondrous new land that Columbus had discovered. Columbus would make three more voyages over the next decade, establishing Spains first settlement in the New World on the island of Hispaniola. Hogwarts Legacy - steamcommunity.com In either case, she demonstrates one way in which native peoples responded to the arrival of the Spanish. The Spanish came to the New World first to have a Far East trading link. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? All those he petitionedincluding Ferdinand and Isabella at firstrebuffed him; their nautical experts all concurred that Columbuss estimates of the width of the Atlantic Ocean were far too low. It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendomand many fine, large, flowing rivers. In short, the actions of the Portuguese and Spanish established a permanent European presence in the New World and set the stage for future conflict and historical movements. They also looked west, settling in Brazil. An error occurred trying to load this video. poway high school bell schedule 2021. The exploits of the most famous Spanish explorers have provided Western civilization with a narrative of European supremacy and Indian savagery. Portugal explored because they needed spices and jewels and they wanted to conquer lands. In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. A fortified trading post, it had mounted cannons facing out to sea, not inland toward continental Africa; the Portuguese had greater fear of a naval attack from other Europeans than of a land attack from Africans. 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The dungeon of the fort now served as a holding pen for African slaves from the interior of the continent, while on the upper floors Portuguese traders ate, slept, and prayed in a chapel. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest | US History I (OS Collection) In the 1540s, Francisco Vsquez de Coronado crossed the Rio Grande and traveled up the Colorado River. Vespuccis widely published accounts of his voyages fueled speculation and intense interest in the New World among Europeans. Hispaniola is a marvel. Back to Table of Contents. The traditional European narrative of exploration presents the victory of the Spanish over the Aztec as an example of the superiority of the Europeans over the savage Indians. How do you think it might have influenced Europeans reading about the New World for the first time? The Spaniards were not far behind the Portuguese in their exploration and empire building. Spanish & Portuguese Exploration of the New World & Asia | Motives Spanish and Portuguese explorations expanded the understanding of the world and the diversity of its people for future centuries. In the 1480s, Pope Sixtus IV had granted Portugal the right to all land south of the Cape Verde islands, leading the Portuguese king to claim that the lands discovered by Columbus belonged to Portugal, not Spain. However, they also brought disease and existing conflicts between European nations. Menu and widgets Portuguese sailors continued to make important discoveries in this new arena as well. He understood why the exploration and hunt of the surrounding was done by the Domain . They also found a sea route to India. He presided as governor over the province of Nueva Galicia, where he heard rumors of wealth to the north: a golden city called Quivira. What was the difference between the Portuguese and Spanish trading Hoping to gain power over the city, Corts took Moctezuma, the Aztec ruler, hostage. The Spanish brought horses, guns, and other weaponry with them which frightened the Aztecs. This age of exploration and the subsequent creation of an Atlantic World marked the earliest phase of globalization, in which previously isolated groupsAfricans, Native Americans, and Europeansfirst came into contact with each other, sometimes with disastrous results. Spains acquisitiveness seemingly knew no bounds as groups of its explorers searched for the next trove of instant riches. Their goals were to expand Catholicism and to gain a commercial advantage over Portugal. Portugals Prince Henry the Navigator spearheaded his countrys exploration of Africa and the Atlantic in the 1400s. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic encounters set in motion the Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange: The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe, Africa, and the Americas from first contact through the Age of Exploration (1500-1599). 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With the Reconquista complete and Spain a unified country, Ferdinand and Isabella could turn their attention to overseas exploration. He and his followers explored what is now Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Texas. But we can also fact-check these descriptions, whereas the Spanish court could only take them at face value. The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492, Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 15001700, Rule Britannia! What was the impact of Vasco de Gamas exploration? Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. Portuguese spice trading also made goods available to the rest of Europe on a larger scale and enriched Portugal herself. The Spanish also brought smallpox into the valley of Mexico. The carrack first appeared, historians believe, in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Instead, he encouraged exploration and directed many important expeditions. The Spanish conquistadors also had horses, which people in the Americas had never seen before. Ecuador and Columbia fell to Spain later in the 1530s, and Chile succumbed in the 1540s. 1015 Words. Early European Maritime Expeditions | The Geography of Transport Systems Thereafter, Vasco de Gama rounded the horn and actually reached India in 1498, allowing the Portuguese to succeed in their ultimate aim of establishing a direct connection with the spice trade. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands in the 1400s inaugurated an era of aggressive European expansion across the Atlantic. The overland routes involved terrain that was unforgiving and dangerous, and merchants couldn't trust that they would always be safe. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of 'The Age of Discovery', stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. What did the Portuguese and Spanish contribute to the age of This colonial enterprise was driven by a search for African gold, Asian spices, and Christian kingdoms in the east. The Portuguese expanded in wealth and founded the international slave trade, an institution whose ramifications would haunt Atlantic history until the nineteenth century. Indeed, the Renaissance world was looking outward. The Hapsburg dynasty, which ruled a collection of territories including Austria, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and Spain, encouraged and financed the work of painters, sculptors, musicians, architects, and writers, resulting in a blooming of Spanish Renaissance culture. From the beginning of the Aztec conquest, a collection of Franciscan friars had come to convert the natives. Hernando de Soto had participated in Pizarros conquest of the Inca, and from 1539 to 1542 he led expeditions to what is today the southeastern United States, looking for gold. With his support, Portuguese mariners successfully navigated an eastward route to Africa, establishing a foothold there that became a foundation of their nations trade empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. In 1542, de Soto himself died during the expedition. Assessing the Success of Portuguese and Spanish Exploration and In this context, evaluating mercury contamination in coastal sediments and mercury magnification in marine food webs is crucial for . What was the success of Spain and Portugal? As Western Europe transitioned from the regional divides of the middle ages to stronger centralized countries, kings and queens looked for ways of expanding their spheres of influence and world outlooks. - Translation into English - examples Arabic Spanish relationships with the natives tended to vary depending on the person. They also found a sea route to India. a long period of peace and prosperity for the nations of western Europe. 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The extensive overseas exploration, with the Portuguese and Spanish at the forefront, later joined by the Dutch, English, and French, emerged as a powerful factor in European culture, most notably the European colonization of the Americas. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. The Library of Congress. Magellan and Joo Serro were the only Portuguese captains, with Magellan in charge of the largest ship, the Trinidad, and Serro at the helm of the Santiago. The results of the study allowed us to discover the characteristics of the contents which have an effect on informal learning, favoring the child's creativity and the development of abilities and. The Spanish explorers hoped to find cities of gold, so they made their discoveries sound as wonderful as possible in these letters to convince the Spanish crown to fund more voyages. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. Cartographers developed new ways of mapping. The age of exploration came along way from 15th to the 17yh century bringing along voyages, conquests, new lands, disease, religion, and the exchange of goods. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Test and improve your knowledge of The Age of Discovery & Exploration with fun multiple choice exams you can take online with Study.com. Corts was also aided by a Nahua woman called Malintzin (also known as La Malinche or Doa Marina, her Spanish name), whom the natives of Tabasco gave him as tribute.