The oil of Citronella has been used for properties of lemon grass and use it as an individual and area spray. convenient to the fellow researchers. The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. Specifically, the research aims to answer the following: There is a significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. Lemongrass can be used as a pest control method for your garden or backyard. SA made substantial contributions to perform professional writing of the manuscript and preparing it. along with thousands of other products contains lemon grass oils. Another study [45] reported that clove repels An. Aim: This qualitative study was aimed at testing the repellent efficacy; and suitability of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) for the development of natural product-based mosquito repellent. Is lemongrass oil as an insect repellent; dirus [47], respectively. [] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11 h.Amer et al. Lemongrass oil has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, ants, ticks, fleas, and other pests. 1997;123:37986. mosquitoes. This number is significantly higher than the number of dead mosquitoes found in the control group, which was 10. and for keeping them safe. ALL IN ONE REPELLENT AND ANTI-ITCH: No-Bite-Me DOES IT ALL. Methods: Multiple computerized databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, and AMED, were searched for controlled laboratory experiments that compared the effectiveness of citronella products to control in repelling Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes using the . Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. [22], C. zeylanicum at 1mg/cm2 showed 1h protection against An. Pol J Microbiol. 1st ed. that does not guarantee the safety of their families. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. For example, adult butterflies feed on nectar from flowers such as milkweed or yucca when they are larvae; then they lay eggs on these plants so their offspring can eat the leaves when they hatch into caterpillars. Karunamoorthi et al. registered in the list of EPA-GRAS. Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. dirus [43]. Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. insect repellent with its pleasing aroma and overall effectiveness were evident through 2010;3:6915. Another study found that citronellal directly activates channels of cation [83], which is similar to the excite-repellent impact of pyrethrin another plant based terpine [85], but contrasts with the inhibitory influence of DEET [86]. Individuals The researchers wanted to conduct a research about the Malaria Journal For the Parents/Guardians that in making insect repellent with the use of uncommonness in being utilized in the creation of alternative products, in this case, an Ansari M, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan R. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil. For the Students in Senior High School that lemongrass has insecticidal Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. Malar J. stephensi for 4.36h. Basilisan annual plant of the Ocimum genus, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world [74]. repellency. J Agric Food Chem. Evaluation of the effects of essential oil extracted from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) on growth rate of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and possible disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. Terms and Conditions, It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. "LEPPERIC SPRAY" organic repellent made out of Lemongrass, Black Pepper Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. Reflection Paper: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? Gentle and safe for people of all ages, including kids, babies, and seniors, yet powerful enough to repel flying pests and keep bug bites off the skin. of alcohol should not be more than the amount of lemongrass oil in order to maintain the centered over the receiving vessel. As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. Deet free to protect even the smallest adventurers. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. Evaluation of two natural extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Melissa officinalis L.) as antioxidants in cooked pork patties packed in MAP. Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. Cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, dye and odorizes based) repellents like lemon grass because it is very easy to make and use. NO NASTY INGREDIENTS. 1999;36:6259. 25 mosquito landing attempts. Diethyl-meta-toluamide) used as active chemical component in insect repellent, are now Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites: systematic review of controlled laboratory experimental studies. As said by trigger any allergies to the skin of the human subject. In mixing alcohol to neutralize the lemongrass oil and water, the amount Canadian Vet J. Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites. For citronella, as one of the most explored plant for repellency effect against various mosquitoes, it is reported that active compounds in citronella extract for repelling mosquitoes are eugenol, eucalyptol, camphor, linalool, citral, and citronellal [81]. Eucalyptus globulus at 0.1ml dose in a study [47] repelled An. However, it is highly recommended that the future researchers should perform the The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. In this study, its effectiveness was assessed on stable . Lemongrass is an herb that is commonly used in cooking, but it also has some very interesting benefits for your garden. Furthermore, these related Amerasan D, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM, Panneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, et al. insect repellent. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. Lemongrass is a natural pesticide. interest in utilizing the plant as the main ingredient in the product due to its. insect repellent since it can be found in the backyard at home or just around the The researchers wanted to 2009;7:9204. reactions. endobj Results of the Experiment in Observing of the Products Affordability. Among 500 species of Anopheles mosquitoes known globally, more than 50 species can transmit malaria from the bite of the infected female Anopheles spp. One tin provides plenty of relief for you and the whole family. Olive (O. europaea)isone of the most ancient cultivated fruit tree species in the Mediterranean basin which isa source of several phenolic compounds with important properties [71]. Tagetes minuta L., a useful underutilized plant of family Asteraceae: a review. 2003;88:25360. The Table 4 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the products In conclusion, lemongrass oil is really the important component of lemongrass The following categories of products use botanicals or plant extracts that are applied to plant foliage. 2015;114:453143. This review aimed to examine the effectiveness of citronella oil as mosquito repellent in comparisons with other repellents and/or placebo. Knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable resource for the development of new natural products. 2009;9:26458. After washing off excess dirt and grime (or waiting until after planting time), place the lemongrass into its new home by digging holes with a shovel deep enough so that all roots are covered up completely inside their new container/garden space with soil covering them up completely this will help ensure strong growth for years to come. 2012;15:76673. Insect Repellents Oils, Volatile . Using lemongrass as insect repellent provides Bioresource Technol. 2000;71:26771. Google Scholar. To overcome this problem, it is essential to research for alternative approaches to vector control. 2006;99:478. J Parasitol Res. Amer et al. Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. is any chemical or natural product that causes insects or other arthropods to avoid or 2 0 obj The 2012;4:257. [47] showed that orange repels An. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. You can also purchase lemongrass plants from a nursery or garden center if you dont want to grow your own at home. This process can be used for purifying liquids with PDF IJMRK2 The effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus extract as As observed, 25 mosquitoes attempted to land for 25 times while 24 ants This paper . Insect repellents: principles, methods and uses. It is a plant and has many uses. Nevertheless, Seyoum et al. CAS Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. Fish Shellfish Immunol. and ants. gambiae [54]. The oil of the Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. 2009;41:28. 2008;15:1012. The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes While, in another study [45], it repelled An. 2015;5(suppl 1):S6772. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Google Scholar. No problem: its an anti-itch cream too. J Herb Spice Med Plants. Attempts Frequency Percent H"Chgr gL%kL" $?]%}11XI stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing An. In contrast, Seyoum et al. SAFE FOR CHILDREN: No-Bite-Me is a completely safe, natural bug repellent. Anopheles stephensi Liston. 2018;101:197201. 2012;111:175769. Seyoum A, Plsson K, Kunga S, Kabiru E, Lwande W, Killeen G, et al. minimus [45] and An. In the study by Murugan et al. Fabbri A, Hormaza J, Polito V. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars. Lemongrass Research - Chapter I Introduction Background of The Study Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors around the world. Lemongrass and Cinnamon Bark: Plant Essential Oil Blend as a - PubMed Solomon B, Gebre-Mariam T, Asres K. Mosquito repellent actions of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Eucalyptus citriodora: evaluation and formulation studies. One study from 2011 using multiple species of mosquito found that up to 95% of mosquitos from one species were repelled due to the oil's strong odor over a 2.5 hour period (2). (Gerard J. Tortora), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. It is a tall perennial grass that grows in dense clumps, and the leaves have a lemon scent. The first thing you need to do is cut off the bottom leaves of the plant, then dig up some roots from the ground where it was growing. Correspondence to There was a significant difference in the use of lemongrass extract as a substitute for malathion with the mortality rate of Aedes aegpty mosquito (p-value < 0,001) 95% CI (15.69-18.31 . Authors Daniel A H . Swathi S, Murugananthan G, Ghosh S, Pradeep A. Larvicidal and repellent activities of ethanolic extract of Datura stramonium leaves against mosquitoes. 2001;49:51721. Trongtokit Y, Curtis CF, Rongsriyam Y. Efficacy of repellent products against caged and free flying Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Acar , Kesbi OS, Ylmaz S, Gltepe N, Trker A. Plant-based repellents have been applied for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection approach against different species of Anopheles. All products are 100% handmade in the USA from organic locally sourced ingredients, and were completely cruelty-free. gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. Ovicidal, repellent, adulticidal and field evaluations of plant extract against dengue, malaria and filarial vectors. The 20% oil solution of T. minuta in the study conducted by Amer et al. Mosquito landing The results showed that the average number of dead insects in lemongrass extract was 14. Saudi J Biol Sci. over 50 years as an insect repellent. Research has shown that citronella helps to Cite this article. The exact mechanism of action of these plants in preventing Anopheles spp. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) | IntechOpen Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. Scope and Delimitation This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of carabao manure with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract as an alternative mosquito repellant. Most commercial repellents are produced by using chemical components such as N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), Allethrin, N, N-diethyl mendelic acid amide, and Dimethyl phthalate [1]. Phytother Res. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Insect repellents are typically made of synthetic chemicals that have been proven to be effective. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON GRASS ( Cymbopogon Citratus) AS NATURAL ANT REPELLENT Presented by: ANDREI E. ELUMBA JOHNREI J. LIM ), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Parasitol Res. 2014 ). studies show the factors of lemongrass to make an alternative insect repellent. Just spray on and stay protected. Yogananth N, Anuradha V, Ali MYS, Muthezhilan R, Chanthuru A, Prabu MM. Steam Distillation Process with the exact apparatus to improve this study by adding PubMed Thymus species have been reported to possess various beneficial effects, such as antiseptic, carminative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties [70]. since every materials we used were found at home, we only spent money for our everywhere throughout the world have come to depend on the strong insect repellent Article Figure 2. By 2011;4:698705. Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. Lara M, Gutierrez J, Timon M, Andrs A. The repellency effect of clove against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 6 studies. J Food Agric Environ. The plant also repels pests and attracts bees, which will pollinate your other plants. In: Veer V, Gopalakrishnan R, editors. Soekarno- Fourth, some studies have shown that formulation play a significant role in the effectiveness of a repellents [88]. Google Scholar. Ed.). 2019 Sep 3;56(5):1346-1352. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz078. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. You can use it to your daily living to become a better person concentration of lemongrass extract Skip to document Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Lemongrass and Mosquitoes: Does Lemongrass Repel - MosquitoReviews The percentage repellency of citronella in other studies. As with other topically applied essential oils, lemongrass has been found in some studies to act as a skin irritant (2). Powered by Wondercides proven-to-work spray formula that repels 98% of mosquitoes, this insect repellent spray is a safe, effective control method for repelling bugs. 2013;112:67992. The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. [62] also supported that myrtle at 50% concentration repels An. Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent repellents are safer than DEET components of a repellent. PubMed chemical substance was added. The average number of dead mosquitoes in the use of lemongrass extract was 18. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Anopheles species: a systematic review. Parasitol Res. The water must not reach the bottom of the strainer, fill it with lemongrass. Neem isa versatile tree broadly grown in tropical areas of India [76]. Related Foreign Studies Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. transportation to go at our research environment. Madhiyazhagan P, Murugan K, Kumar AN, Nataraj T. Extraction of mosquitocidals from Ocimum canum leaves for the control of dengue and malarial vectors. The pot must be filled with ice as much as it can hold. Comparison of manufacturing cost of thyme extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation. Although citronella oil has demonstrated repellent effect against mosquito bites in some studies (Dover 1930; Jantan & Zali 1998), the evidence is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion. Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). De Paula JP, Gomes-Carneiro MR, Paumgartten FJ. Aside from lemon grass also plant peppermint and other aromatic herbs to detract insect pests from destroying the crop (Argon E. ,2012). The Effectiveness of Botanical Extracts as Repellents Against Aedes control, with easy-to-administer, low-cost, and risk-free properties. Knowledge of traditional repellent plants is a significant resource for the development of new natural products as an alternative to chemical repellents. [6], with 100% protection against An. Plant-based insect repellents: a review of their efficacy, development stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Malar J. Insect repellents (also commonly called bug sprays) are substances applied to The leaves are long and narrow, with pointed tips and serrated edges. Oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities of Artemisia herba alba, Matricharia chamomella and Melia azedarach against Culex quinquefasciatus. A must have for weekend trips, camping, and travel. local name is tanglad and usually used in cooking. This findings support the study of Dumay and Arcilla Jr. (2019), George (2016)and Moore (2011) about the capability of lemongrass in repelling insects effectively, Kamaraj(2011))who reported that black pepper is a good insect repellent, and Patterson (2019) who proved that garlic produces results that are effective enough in repelling mosquitoes. Lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes. [6], with complete protection time for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing against An. Morehead JA. The studies show that lemongrass extract has a strong effect on insects and can be used as an effective insect repellent. Sanghong R, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Tuetun B, et al. volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. J Commun Dis. Related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent. The
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