how was the development of cuba and of haiti different

)tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), general assessment: internet availability has increased substantially over the past few years, but only about 64 percent of Cubans have Internet access, and even fewer Cubans--about 60 percent of the population--have access to cell phone service; in 2021 the Cuban Government passed a decree that strengthened its authority to censor Internet and telephonic communications; state control of the telecom sector hinders development; Cuba has the lowest mobile phone and Internet subscription rates in the region; fixed-line density is also very low; thaw of US-Cuba relations encouraged access to services, such as Wi-Fi hot spots; access to sites is controlled and censored; DSL and Internet are available in Havana, though costs are too high for most Cubans; international investment and agreement to improve Internet access through cost-free and direct connection between networks (2021)domestic: fixed-line density remains low at a little over 13 per 100 inhabitants; mobile-cellular service has expanded to about 59 per 100 persons (2020)international: country code - 53; the ALBA-1, GTMO-1,and GTMO-PRfiber-optic submarine cables link Cuba, Jamaica, and Venezuela;satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region) (2019)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, government owns and controls all broadcast media: five national TV channels (Cubavision, Tele Rebelde, Multivision, Educational Channel 1 and 2), two international channels (Cubavision Internacional and Caribe), 16 regional TV stations, 6 national radio networks, and multiple regional stations; the Cuban Government beams over the Radio-TV Marti signal; although private ownership of electronic media is prohibited, several online independent news sites exist; those that are not openly critical of the government are often tolerated; the others are blocked by the government; there are no independent TV channels, but several outlets have created strong audiovisual content (El Toque, for example); a community of young Youtubers is also growing, mostly with channels about sports, technology and fashion; Christian denominations are creating original video content to distribute via social media (2019), total: 8,381,696 (2020 est. Photo Credit: Garry Pierre-Perre. Countries or cities with a higher number of hospital beds per 1,000 inhabitants usually have well-developed health care systems. Cuba profile - Timeline - BBC News Perhaps if the U. S. had not interfered in Cuba, white elites could hav pressured more by Afro-Cubans to revolutionize the political and social systems of their nations, however that was not the case. The overall rule of law is weak in Cuba. How was the development of Cuba and of Haiti similar and different? Christian 58.9%, folk religion 17.6%, Buddhist <1%, Hindu <1%, Jewish <1%, Muslim <1%, other <1%, none 23.2% (2020 est. As Cubans attempt to recreate and develop their nation, I would say theyve emerged rather well under the embargo. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. A Tale of Two Neighbors: Cuba and Haiti - The Haitian Times )note: data are official rates; unofficial estimates are about double, revenues: $54.52 billion (2017 est. )exports: 0 kWh (2020 est. GEO Chapter 11 Flashcards | Quizlet The Second War of Independence in Cuba was fought from 1895 to 1898.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'studyboss_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_12',109,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-large-leaderboard-2-0'); This time their revolutionary objectives include diversifying their agricultural economy so they no longer have to reply of the sugar plantation which is viewed as the source of racism. [4] Being the subject of stereotypes wasn't uncommon in Cuba, as black Cubans were often stereotyped the same way. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became the launching point for the annual treasure fleets bound for Spain from Mexico and Peru. The percentage of the countrys population with access to improved drinking water sources, such as piped water or protected wells. )3.1% of GDP (2016 est. 5.33x more education expenditures? South of the Cul-de-Sac Plain is the fourth major range, called the Massif de la Selle in Haiti and the Sierra de Baoruco in the Dominican Republic. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. History of Cuba - Nations Online Project Spain could do little to protect plantation owners and thus lost support. ), fossil fuels: 95.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est. air force epr rating scale brian steele bristol bateman skips def jam fight for ny blazin' moves list velocette factory records Cuba - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency Download latest HDI dataset. Forests have a key role in removing pollutants and cleansing the air. Haitis shores are generally rocky, rimmed with cliffs, and indented by a number of excellent natural harbours. ), total subscriptions: 6,661,763 (2020 est. The stay is usually short with a period of 30 days. Updates? New challenges face Cuba, with economic reforms underway and the restoration of relations . [5], Haitian practice of vodou, was often mistaken for "witchcraft. Each group had different reasons why they were unhappy under Frances rule. )carbon dioxide emissions: 28.28 megatons (2016 est. The inflation rate represents the annual price increase for goods and services, indicating a decrease in the purchasing power of a countrys currency. U.S. Intervention in the Caribbean | International Encyclopedia of the )2.9% of GDP (2018 est. One of the causes historians often point to is the interference of the United States in Cuba as they brought along their racial ideologies. The Threat of a Free Haiti - Jacobin Source: Wikipedia, 2023. Poverty, corruption, vulnerability to natural . Haitian Cubans (Spanish: Haitiano-Cubano; French: Hatien Cubain; Haitian Creole: Ayisyen Kiben) are Cuban citizens of full or partial Haitian ancestry. While Cuba had Castro, we had the Duvaliers and as a staunch capitalist, I will take Castro over Duvalier. Cuba struggled economically, especially on the eastern side of the island. how was the development of cuba and of haiti different However, a lack of resources and housing for these people leads to several of them dying from starvation and disease. However, neither of these groups sought after independence and reformists mainly wanted Spain to treat Cuba as a province. )$134.2 billion (2015 est. how was the development of cuba and of haiti different [3], Since Hurricane Georges, Cuba has sent medical aid to Haiti in the form of doctors, education and medical supplies. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. It is easy to think that revolution and independence go hand in hand; nevertheless Haiti and more importantly, Cuba prove this is not always the case. The economic and social gaps widened tremendously, leading to the Cuban revolution of 1954 led by three men, Fidel Castro and his brother Raoul and Ernesto Che Guevara. The United States is Haiti's largest trading partner. 1982 - Cuba, together with other Latin American states, gives Argentina moral support in its dispute with Britain over . Auteur de l'article Par ; Date de l'article goodrich funeral orbits durand, wi; brandon burlsworth accident sur how was the development of cuba and of haiti different sur how was the development of cuba and of haiti different Explore similarities and differences. )wine: 0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez, hand-picked by Raul CASTRO to succeed him, was approved as president by the National Assembly and took office on 19 April 2018. In 1902, Cuba became "independent", but, according to the . Cuba vs Haiti. HAVANA, Cuba - Haitians and Cubans have been allies for quite some time, and that bond remains to this day. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reflects the value and productivity of an economy. )2.62% (2020 est. . The standard value-added tax (VAT) rate. During that time, Haiti plunged into chaos and misrule. Cities or countries with high population densities can be considered overpopulated, which can be a problem if the infrastructure is underdeveloped. According to the World Health Organization, there should be more than 2.3 health workers per 1,000 people in order to cover the primary healthcare needs. Cuba lies some 50 miles (80 km) west of Haiti's northern peninsula, across the Windward Passage, a strait connecting the Atlantic to the Caribbean. The assassination of Haiti's president, growing civil unrest, and . All data are based on the most recent data available to us. )$12,200 (2015 est. The percentage of the countrys population living below the poverty line, as reported by official statistics. Cuba is poor, but who is to blame - Castro or 50 years of US blockade? Publicado em . They are two small countries with outsized influence, even if Haiti is considered by many to be a car crash pile up that evokes poverty voyeurism. [8], Majority of Haitians are Catholic but vodou is also present behind the scenes. )$2.008 billion (2016 est.). It has an average elevation of some 4,000 feet (1,200 metres). ), Spain 19%, China 15%, Italy 6%, Canada 5%, Russia 5%, United States 5%, Brazil 5% (2019), poultry meat, wheat, soybean products, corn, concentrated milk (2019), $11.35 billion (31 December 2017 est. )methane emissions: 9.3 megatons (2020 est. Currently, the worlds population is growing at a rate of approximately 1.07% per year. Spanish (official)major-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informacin bsica. ), 47.7% of GDP (2017 est. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 9.5% (2015 est. Haiti is subject to periodic seismic activity; earthquakes destroyed Cap-Hatien in 1842 and Port-au-Prince in 1751 and 1770. )note: state sector 72.3%, non-state sector 27.7%, agriculture: 18%industry: 10%services: 72% (2016 est. Deforestation has caused much soil erosion, and as much as one-third of Haitis land may have eroded beyond recovery. It is bounded by two minor mountain ranges on the west and southrespectively, the Cahos Mountains and the Noires Mountains. Haiti Overview: Development news, research, data | World Bank The Artibonite Riverthe islands longest, approximately 175 miles (280 km) longrises in the western Dominican Republic in the Cordillera Central and follows a southwestward course along the border with Haiti. A higher GDP per capita indicates a superior standard of living. Cuban racists beliefs combined with economic concerns were a direct catalyst for this drastic Haitian exodus. Within the gulf lies Gonve Island, which has an area of approximately 290 square miles (750 square km). Thousands took to the streets in towns and cities across the island shouting "freedom" and . In January 2010 another catastrophic earthquake and its aftershocks resulted in severe damage to Port-au-Prince. However, a revolution implies grand economic, political, and/or social change and the colonies' standing in all three of these spheres remained relatively the same after the war was over. $2.63 billion (2017 est. )2.9% of GDP (2017 est. The plateau has an average elevation of about 1,000 feet (300 metres), and access to it is difficult through winding roads. China 38%, Spain 11%, Netherlands 5%, Germany 5% (2019), cigars, raw sugar, nickel products, rum, zinc (2019), $11.06 billion (2017 est. )wind: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Politically if the rest of the world got vaccine far earlier than Cuba, it would be a huge blow to the government . An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Illicit migration of Cuban nationals to the US via maritime and overland routes has been a longstanding challenge. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. Source: Wikipedia, 2023. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. The earliest evidence of people moving into the Caribbean islands dates to around 4000 BC. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Two women in Havana,. The percentage of adults considered obese. )female: 10.3% (2020 est. Help us by suggesting a value. Adopting Annual Resolution, Delegates in General Assembly Urge )from consumed natural gas: 1.814 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. This led to the war being very limited with very little getting accomplished. The total length of the countrys paved and unpaved roads. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became . ), 2.76% (2021 est. Create Custom Personalized World Maps at Themapic.com, 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a day of independence, Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3%, nominally 85% Roman Catholic prior to CASTRO assuming power; Protestants, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, and Santeria are also represented, Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic, Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, 150 km south of Key West, Florida, tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds, tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October). Cuba is one of the last-remaining communist countries in the world, and has endured decades of trade embargoes imposed by the United States, cutting off its access to essential supplies. In a scant few years, Cuba was transformed from a sleepy, unimportant island into the major . There is a real need . Editor's note: Second of a three-part series. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 59 (2020 est. Haiti's economic and social development continues to be hindered by political instability, increasing violence, unprecedented level of insecurity, exacerbating fragility. "[6], The vast majority of Haitians spoke Haitian Creole, which created a language barrier forcing Haitians to remain in agricultural labor. A total of 5 documents are required for applying Cuba tourist visa. ), 16.478 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. In the eastern part of the island, many Haitians continued to suffer discrimination. how was the development of cuba and of haiti different. )municipal solid waste recycled annually: 255,536 tons (2015 est. [2] This different treatment of migrant laborers is due to several factors. The countrys total water area, summing up all inland waters: lakes, rivers, reservoirs, wetlands, etc. The youth unemployment rate is calculated as a percent of the total youth labor force. )note: data are in Cuban Pesos at 1 CUP = 1 US$; official exchange rate. Cuba protests: Three key issues that explain the rare unrest In October 2019, Miguel Daz-Canel was confirmed as president of Cuba, with nearly 97 percent of the votes of National Assembly members. The ranges western extension on the southern peninsula is called the Massif de la Hotte (Massif du Sud), which rises to 7,700 feet (2,345 metres) at Macaya Peak. ), improved: urban: 98.9% of populationrural: 97% of populationtotal: 98.5% of populationunimproved: urban: 1.1% of populationrural: 3% of populationtotal: 1.5% of population (2020 est. In the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake, Cuba was among the first responders sending medical teams seeing hundreds of thousands of patients, and performing over 70,000 surgeries. On the other hand, while Cuba did gain independence from Spain by the end of the nineteenth-century the interference from the U. S. as well as the racial divide between white Cuban elites and former black slave kept Cuba from truly having a revolution. )1 (2016 est. The first half of Freedom's Mirror takes the reader up to Haitian independence and victory over Napoleon's forces in 1804. Cuba's health care system is based on preventive medicine and the results achieved are outstanding. So as Cuba finds itself coming out from under a 50-year embargo, it is worthy to take a look at how the two countries have taken divergent paths and the way forward for both. After all, how long would it take for the slaves in the South to copy the Haitian revolution and upend the status quo in the United States? ), total: 4.07 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 4.58 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 3.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est. ), total: 42.1 yearsmale: 40.2 yearsfemale: 43.8 years (2020 est. The growth of the United States as an independent nation, the collapse of Haiti as a sugar-producing colony, Spanish protective policies, and the ingenuity of Cuba's Creole business class all converged to produce a sugar revolution on the island. Though oil was discovered in Cuba in the early 1900s, it wasn . The United States and Haiti have a bilateral agreement on investment guarantees that permits the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation to offer programs in Haiti. The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the arrival of Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 and following its development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Haitian Cuban - Wikipedia Inspired in large part by the French Revolution, diverse groups in the colony of Saint-Domingue began fighting against French colonial power in 1791. Editors note: Second of a three-part series. View Country Data. However, the Cubans fighting against Spain were not strongly in favor of abolition to keep the support of the western side of the island that survived economically on the labor of slaves. As a result of efforts begun in December 2014 to reestablish diplomatic relations with the Cuban Government, which were severed in January 1961, the US and Cuba reopened embassies in their respective countries in July 2015. The Brits were supposed to be Haitis trading partner and help with its standing in the world. The alluvial soils of the plains and valleys are fertile but overcultivated, owing to high population densities in those areas. The total length of the border between the land area and the sea, including the countrys islands. Cuba and Haiti must find their own way forward | Financial Times Sustainable development: The path to economic growth in Cuba - Brookings Cuba's unique approach to the eradication of extreme poverty sets it apart from other Latin American and Caribbean countries, but the challenge now is how it evolves Can Cuba beat COVID with its homegrown vaccines? Cuba-Haiti relations refer to the bilateral relations between Cuba and Haiti. Just upstream from the Artibonites delta in the Gulf of Gonve, some of its waters are used to irrigate the triangular Artibonite Plain. )consumption: 16,097,460,000 kWh (2019 est. Compare Countries [4][5], Haitian Cubans number 300,000 in Cuba, with Haitian Creole being the second most spoken language in the country. Population density shows how cramped or spread out inhabitants are. 14.3 years longer life expectancy at birth, 3.18x higher percentage of internet users, 19.5 years lower median age of female population, population with access to improved water sources. How was the development of Cuba and of Haiti similar and different ), women married by age 15: 4.8%women married by age 18: 29.4%men married by age 18: 5.9% (2019 est. The surrounding seas are renowned for their coral reefs. Milestones: 1914-1920 - Office of the Historian They removed $500,000 from the Haitian National Bank in December of 1914 for safe-keeping in New York, thus giving the United States control of the bank. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. From logistical perspective, both attempts at revolution had several similarities. )biomass and waste: 2.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The lower hills are covered with red clays and loams. Hopefully, this overview gives you a good idea of what CUBA Platform is and makes it tempting to try. Haiti At-A-Glance. The percentage of male residents, according to the city's official statistics. )$134.8 billion (2016 est. World Report 2021: Cuba | Human Rights Watch But the economic good time was not shared by most. The average life expectancy at birth is the number of years that the population of a country is expected to live. The DAC adopted ODA as the "gold standard" of foreign aid in 1969 and it remains the main source of financing for development aid . The Cuban government has begun to make strides in improving certain elements of the ecosystem, including their much-publicized organic farming and new permaculture system. In order to defeat the Cuba rebels, Spain tries to divide them by dividing the rebels because of race. 0 Comments; Uncategorized luffy's father revealed at marineford episode number . Cubans had been struggling with racial divisions and discrimination for several decades and the wars had done more to exploit these rather than unite the two groups. The percentage of female residents, according to the city's official statistics. Haiti will create a financial mechanism to ensure free maternal, newborn and child health services, and develop a plan for human resources in health by 2015. Haiti did not fare well in the global economy after it gained its independence, but they were able to dismantle the previous political and social systems that had been in place while they were a colony.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'studyboss_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_11',112,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); This was partly due to the fact that there were few to no whites left on in Haiti once they were independent from France. "Haitian Heritage In Cuba As Heard Through Song", Espectros y espejismos: Hait en el imaginario cubano, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haitian_Cuban&oldid=1129142415, This page was last edited on 23 December 2022, at 19:48. Cuba has come up with 5 COVID vaccine candidates - NPR PDF Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies - eScholarship Please select which sections you would like to print: Alternate titles: Ayti, Rpublique dHati, Repiblik Dayti, Republic of Haiti, Director of Research, National Centre for Scientific Research, Paris. Home; . "As the thirteen colonies lost access to other British possessions, the Spanish colony of Cuba . This resolution will henceforth be the foundation of our constitution. Cuba's communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true}); There slaves that resisted used multiple methods, including, running away, sabotage, faking sicknesses, self-mutilation mocking of authorities, etc. However, a revolution implies grand economic, political, and/or social change and the colonies standing in all three of these spheres remained relatively the same after the war was over. This, however, did not last long as both groups soon learned that France would repeatedly go back on the bargains it made with different groups. Cuba: A development model that proved the doubters wrong Cuba's inability to import pesticides and chemical fertilizers has helped to preserve the health of its land. ), conventional long form: Republic of Cubaconventional short form: Cubalocal long form: Republica de Cubalocal short form: Cubaetymology: name derives from the Taino Indian designation for the island "coabana" meaning "great place", name: Havanageographic coordinates: 23 07 N, 82 21 Wtime difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November; note - Cuba has been known to alter the schedule of DST on short notice in an attempt to conserve electricity for lightingetymology: the sites of Spanish colonial cities often retained their original Taino names; Habana, the Spanish name for the city, may be based on the name of a local Taino chief, HABAGUANEX, 15 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara, 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a day of independence, Triumph of the Revolution (Liberation Day), 1 January (1959), history: several previous; latest drafted 14 July 2018, approved by the National Assembly 22 December 2018, approved by referendum 24 February 2019amendments: proposed by the National Assembly of Peoples Power; passage requires approval of at least two-thirds majority of the National Assembly membership; amendments to constitutional articles on the authorities of the National Assembly, Council of State, or any rights and duties in the constitution also require approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on the Cuban political, social, and economic system cannot be amended, civil law system based on Spanish civil code, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: yescitizenship by descent only: yesdual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: unknown, chief of state: President Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (since 19 April 2018); Vice President Salvador Antonio VALDES Mesa (since 10 October 2019)head of government: Prime Minister Manuel MARRERO Cruz (since 21 December 2019); Deputy Prime Ministers Ramiro VALDES Menendez, Ines Maria CHAPMAN Waugh, Jorge Luis TAPIA Fonseca, Alejandro GIL Fernandez, Ricardo CABRISAS Ruiz (since 21 December 2019), and Jorge Luis PERDOMO DI-LELLA (since 20 April 2021)cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the president and appointed by the National Assemblyelections/appointments: president and vice president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (may be reelected for another 5-year term); election last held on 10 October 2019 (next to be held NA)election results: 2019: Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (PCC) elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 98.8%; Salvador Antonio VALDES Mesa (PCC) elected vice president; percent of National Assembly vote - 98.1%2018: Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (PCC) elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 98.8%; Salvador Antonio VALDES Mesa (PCC) elected vice president; percent of National Assembly vote - 100%note - on 19 April 2018, DIAZ-CANEL succeeded Raul CASTRO as president of the Councils of State and Ministers; on 10 October 2019 he was elected to the newly created position of President of the Republic, which replaced the position of President of the Councils of State and Ministers, description: unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular (605 seats; (586 seats filled in 2021); members directly elected by absolute majority vote; members serve 5-year terms); note 1 - the National Candidature Commission submits a slate of approved candidates; to be elected, candidates must receive more than 50% of valid votes otherwise the seat remains vacant or the Council of State can declare another election; note 2 - in July 2019, the National Assembly passed a law which reduces the number of members from 605 to 474, effective with the 2023 general electionelections: last held on 11 March 2018 (next to be held in early 2023)election results: Cuba's Communist Party is the only legal party, and officially sanctioned candidates run unopposed; composition (as of June 2021) - men 273, women 313, percent of women 53.4%, highest court(s): People's Supreme Court (consists of court president, vice president, 41 professional justices, and NA lay judges); organization includes the State Council, criminal, civil, administrative, labor, crimes against the state, and military courts)judge selection and term of office: professional judges elected by the National Assembly are not subject to a specific term; lay judges nominated by workplace collectives and neighborhood associations and elected by municipal or provincial assemblies; lay judges appointed for 5-year terms and serve up to 30 days per yearsubordinate courts: People's Provincial Courts; People's Regional Courts; People's Courts, Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez], ACP, ALBA, AOSIS, CELAC, EAEU (observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, PIF (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Lianys TORRES RIVERA (since 14 January 2021)chancery: 2630 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009telephone: [1] (202) 797-8515 through 8518FAX: [1] (202) 797-8521email address and website: recepcion@usadc.embacuba.cuhttp://misiones.minrex.gob.cu/en/usa, chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Timothy ZUNIGA-BROWN (since 31 July 2020)embassy: Calzada between L & M Streets, Vedado, Havanamailing address: 3200 Havana Place, Washington DC 20521-3200telephone: [53] (7) 839-4100FAX: [53] (7) 839-4247email address and website: acshavana@state.govhttps://cu.usembassy.gov/, five equal horizontal bands of blue (top, center, and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white, five-pointed star in the center; the blue bands refer to the three old divisions of the island: central, occidental, and oriental; the white bands describe the purity of the independence ideal; the triangle symbolizes liberty, equality, and fraternity, while the red color stands for the blood shed in the independence struggle; the white star, called La Estrella Solitaria (the Lone Star) lights the way to freedom and was taken from the flag of Texasnote: design similar to the Puerto Rican flag, with the colors of the bands and triangle reversed, royal palm; national colors: red, white, blue, name: "La Bayamesa" (The Bayamo Song)lyrics/music: Pedro FIGUEREDOnote: adopted 1940; Pedro FIGUEREDO first performed "La Bayamesa" in 1868 during the Ten Years War against the Spanish; a leading figure in the uprising, FIGUEREDO was captured in 1870 and executed by a firing squad; just prior to the fusillade he is reputed to have shouted, "Morir por la Patria es vivir" (To die for the country is to live), a line from the anthem, total World Heritage Sites: 9 (7 cultural, 2 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Old Havana (c); Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios (c); San Pedro de la Roca Castle (c); Desembarco del Granma National Park (n); Viales Valley (c); Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations (c); Alejandro de Humboldt National Park (n); Historic Cienfuegos (c); Historic Camagey (c), still largely state-run planned economy, although privatization increasing under new constitution; widespread protests due to lack of basic necessities and electricity; massive foreign investment increases recently; known tobacco exporter; unique oil-for-doctors relationship with Venezuela; widespread corruption, $137 billion (2017 est.